During the so-called ‘refugees crisis’, the Balkan Route became the crucial path for migrants and asylum seekers attempting to reach Central and Northern Europe. Between 2014 and 2016 the Balkan Route had become practically the only accessible channel towards Europe. This essay focuses on the Balkan Route, with the Greek islands of Lesvos, Chios, Kos and Samo as the main EU entry point. Turkey is not considered an entry point to the Balkan Route; rather, it is considered an exit point of migrants mainly coming from Syria. The Balkan Route was closed in March 2016, nevertheless has remained an important connection axis for migrants and asylum seekers and a significant issue for the countries crossed by it, for the countries of destination and for the EU. The closure had in fact many consequences, from the impact on migrants and asylum seekers to the political issues related to the role and policies of the single countries and of the EU. The Author - who has carried out extensive field research amongst migrants and asylum seekers in Iraq, Greece, Serbia and Austria - analyzes the social, political, strategic and humanitarian implications of the closure of the Balkan Route and the developments of the situation in the postclosure period. The role of the countries along the Balkan Route in managing the flow of migrants and asylum seekers is considered vis-à-vis the European migration policies and legislation. The Author stresses out successes and failures of the cooperation between the countries along the Balkan Route and the repercussions on migrants and asylum seekers who were trapped in camps or deported from one country to another on the basis of diverging interpretations of the Dublin Regulations. The Author argues that the policy of erecting fences and enforcing military controls at the borders along the Balkan Route have had the ‘domino effect’ of creating controversies among the countries along the Balkan Route and feeding populism and nationalism. The case of the Balkan Route has been and still is an important test-bed for the European Union to analyze its social-political responsibilities and to define updated and adequate policies and priorities.
Durante la cosiddetta ‘crisi dei rifugiati’, la rotta balcanica è stata un percorso fondamentale per i migranti e i richiedenti asilo che tentavano di raggiungere l’Europa centrale e del Nord. Tra il 2014 e il 2016 la rotta balcanica era diventata di fatto l’unico canale accessibile verso l’Europa. Questo saggio è incentrato sulla rotta balcanica con le isole Greche di Lesbo, Chios, Kos e Samo come punti d’accesso. La Turchia non è considerata un punto d’accesso alla rotta balcanica, è piuttosto considerata un punto d’uscita dei migranti provenienti per lo più dalla Siria. La rotta balcanica è stata chiusa nel 2016, ma è restata un asse di collegamento importante per i migranti e i richiedenti asilo, peraltro costituendo una questione rilevante per i paesi attraversati dalla rotta, per i paesi di destinazione e per l’Unione Europea. Molte le conseguenze della chiusura, dall’impatto sui migranti e richiedenti asilo, alle questioni politiche legate ai singoli paesi dell’UE. L’Autore, che ha condotto ampie ricerche sul campo tra i migranti e i richiedenti asilo in Iraq, Grecia, Serbia e Austria, analizza le ripercussioni sociali, politiche, strategiche e umanitarie della chiusura della rotta balcanica, e lo sviluppo della situazione dopo la decisione di chiuderla. Analizza il ruolo dei paesi lungo la rotta nella gestione del flusso di migranti e richiedenti asilo a fronte delle politiche e normative europee sulle migrazioni. L’Autore evidenzia i successi e i fallimenti della cooperazione tra i paesi lungo la rotta e l’impatto sui migranti e richiedenti asilo che si sono trovati intrappolati nei campi o sono stati deportati da un paese all’altro a causa di varie interpretazioni del Regolamento di Dublino. L’Autore sostiene che la politica delle barriere e dei controlli militari alle frontiere sulla rotta balcanica ha creato un effetto domino di controversie tra i paesi e ha alimentato il populismo e il nazionalismo. Il caso della rotta balcanica è stato ed è tuttora un importante banco di prova per l’Unione Europea, per l’analisi delle sue responsabilità socio-politiche e per la definizione di politiche e priorità aggiornate e adeguate.
Migrations' changing scenario: the new Balkan Route and the European Union.
DEL RE E.C.
2018-01-01
Abstract
During the so-called ‘refugees crisis’, the Balkan Route became the crucial path for migrants and asylum seekers attempting to reach Central and Northern Europe. Between 2014 and 2016 the Balkan Route had become practically the only accessible channel towards Europe. This essay focuses on the Balkan Route, with the Greek islands of Lesvos, Chios, Kos and Samo as the main EU entry point. Turkey is not considered an entry point to the Balkan Route; rather, it is considered an exit point of migrants mainly coming from Syria. The Balkan Route was closed in March 2016, nevertheless has remained an important connection axis for migrants and asylum seekers and a significant issue for the countries crossed by it, for the countries of destination and for the EU. The closure had in fact many consequences, from the impact on migrants and asylum seekers to the political issues related to the role and policies of the single countries and of the EU. The Author - who has carried out extensive field research amongst migrants and asylum seekers in Iraq, Greece, Serbia and Austria - analyzes the social, political, strategic and humanitarian implications of the closure of the Balkan Route and the developments of the situation in the postclosure period. The role of the countries along the Balkan Route in managing the flow of migrants and asylum seekers is considered vis-à-vis the European migration policies and legislation. The Author stresses out successes and failures of the cooperation between the countries along the Balkan Route and the repercussions on migrants and asylum seekers who were trapped in camps or deported from one country to another on the basis of diverging interpretations of the Dublin Regulations. The Author argues that the policy of erecting fences and enforcing military controls at the borders along the Balkan Route have had the ‘domino effect’ of creating controversies among the countries along the Balkan Route and feeding populism and nationalism. The case of the Balkan Route has been and still is an important test-bed for the European Union to analyze its social-political responsibilities and to define updated and adequate policies and priorities.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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