SURVEY, ANALYSIS AND REPRESENTATION AS INSTRUMENT FOR CONTROL AND EVALUATION OF THE TRANSFORMATIONS RESULTING BY RETROFITTING IN THE HISTORIC CITIES. A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REQUALIFICATION THROUGH MONITORING OF THE CHANGES OF THE ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE

Generally the Italian and Europe conurbation, in addition to the most important historical cities, is characterized by a large number of urban and suburban areas, nucleus and districts of cities that, although not are classified as historic center by urban planning often reveal a remarkable formal language, a synthesis of morphological and architectural archetypes and a good balance formal and functional which have developed in the succession of ages, usually inhabited and lived in our contemporary times. In the range of the no-solved dichotomy between conservation and innovation, the thematic of regeneration of the historical cities can be located, in Europe as in other parts of the world, in functional and energetical terms. In an age during the which the social practice evolution becomes more and more united with the daily utilization of technology, once used exclusively by elite circles –scientific and professional community- the historical city, harbinger of a cultural, sociologic, iconographic and mnemonic heritage, ancestrally rooted in the conscience of civilization, addresses the complex path of the research of an equilibrium between the own essence and the new modernity needs. From the middle of the last century, the physical and social deterioration that for various reasons cause has influenced many urban areas, has expanded to a new suffering that showed a further condition of inadequacy of the public sphere. Individual buildings or entire urban areas and pieces of city, have begun to deal with a new one (in terms of perception) and postponed requirement, established by the need to embark on a path towards a logic of sustainability in terms of functionality and energy.