This contribution aims to deepen the complex relationships between urban form and design of architecture, such as defined by the documentation of some peculiarities of the built environment in the city of Naples, whose process of building was stratified by continuous comparison not only with the topography and orography of the city, but also with the phenomena of transformation for endogenous and exogenous causes, both natural and artificial, determining, as explained in this study, spatial organizations of preeminent originality and complex conurbations both linguistic and structural, daughters of a society considered itself an expression of strong heterogeneity and adaptability. During the first half of the seventeenth century the city experienced a chaotic demographic explosion: in the 1606 it passed, in only fifty years, from a population of about 270,000 inhabitants to 450,000. The nucleus of the city, consisting of nine urban districts and seven villages, expanded itself volumetrically but, at the same time, it was limited within the same geographical areas, through a dense layering of makeshift homes as lows, warehouses, small supports, houses carved into the tuff, wooden shacks clinging to the tuffaceous spurs that littered the streets and that were mostly popular houses.They were often different evolutions of the same structures of shops and stalls used as beds during the night. The changes brought about by rapid urban growth, detectable in the different historical processes of development and transformation, have strongly characterized the morphological development of the city, which had to relate both with a prominent archaeological heritage and with the particular geo-morphological, hydro-geological and bio-climatic system.The growth of settlements has been placed around the manifold configurations resulting by geophysical activity such as valleys, hills, gullies and their transformation into foothill locations such as stairs and ramps, by the erosion of systems that have transformed progressively in big hollows, ditches, by the transformation of tuff as a result of mining activities in caves, and finally a by an opportunistic and "imaginative" Neapolitan people's ability to produce extremely heterogeneous aggregations, which is outside by any canonical cataloging. The main purpose of this study is, therefore, the reading of a complex and messy process of evolution, mainly declined through the research on the role of evolutionary processes in project design and urban transformation. I will also take into account, trying to value its effective weight, the relationship between complex morpho-urban development, historically decisive, and the evolution of part of the complex social body of the city, historically inclined to modus and customs often connoted by strong individualism.
Questo contributo intende approfondire il complesso sistema relazionale tra forma della città e disegno dell’architettura, definito attraverso la documentazione di alcune peculiarità dell’ambiente costruito nella città di Napoli, il cui processo di edificazione si è stratificato attraverso il continuo confronto non solo con la topografia e l’orografia della città, ma anche con i fenomeni di trasformazione per cause endogene ed esogene, naturali ed artificiali determinando, per quanto oggetto di questo studio, organizzazioni spaziali di preminente originalità e complesse conurbazioni linguistico-strutturale figlie di una società essa stessa espressione di forti eterogeneità e capacità di adattamento.. Durante la prima metà del seicento la città visse una caotica esplosione demografica; da una popolazione di circa 270.000 abitanti nel 1606 si passò, in cinquant’anni, a 450.000. Il nucleo cittadino, formato da nove quartieri urbani e sette borghi, si espanse volumetricamente ma circoscritto all’interno dei medesimi ambiti territoriali, attraverso una densa stratificazione di abitazioni di fortuna come bassi, fondaci, supportini, case scavate nel tufo, baracche di legno sbalzanti, aggrappate agli speroni tufacei che ingombravano le strade e che costituivano principalmente dimore popolari, spesso evoluzioni diversamente edificate delle stesse pennate e dei banchi delle botteghe utilizzati come giaciglio durante la notte. Le trasformazioni indotte dalla rapida crescita urbana, rilevabili nei diversi processi storici di sviluppo e trasformazione, hanno fortemente connotato lo sviluppo morfologico della città, che ha dovuto relazionarsi oltre che con un preminente patrimonio archeologico anche con il particolare sistema geo-morfologico, idro-geologico e bioclimatico. Lo crecita degli insediamenti si è collocata all’intorno delle multiformi configurazioni derivanti dalla attività geofisica come valloni, colline, canaloni e dalla loro trasformazione in percorsi pedemontani come scale, rampe, gradinate, dalla erosione dei sistemi collinari trasformatisi progressivamente in cavoni, fossati, dalla trasformazione di banchi tufacei a seguito della attività di estrazione in grotte, cupe ed infine da una opportunistica e “fantasiosa” capacità del popolo napoletano di realizzare aggregazioni abitative estremamente eterogenee, eludenti qualsivoglia canonica catalogazione. Principale finalità è, quindi, la rilettura di un complesso e disordinato processo evolutivo, declinata principalmente attraverso la ricerca del ruolo del disegno nei processi evolutivi di progetto e trasformazione urbana. Ciò tenendo anche conto, e cercando di valutarne l’effettivo peso, del rapporto storicamente determinante tra sviluppo morfo-urbanistico complesso e complessa evoluzione di parte del tessuto sociale cittadino, storicamente propensa a modus e consuetudini spesso connotate da forti individualismi.
CHAOTIC DEVELOPMENT AND URBAN MORPHOLOGY. THE SIGN OF THE ARCHITECTURAL ANARCHY
CENNAMO G
2012-01-01
Abstract
This contribution aims to deepen the complex relationships between urban form and design of architecture, such as defined by the documentation of some peculiarities of the built environment in the city of Naples, whose process of building was stratified by continuous comparison not only with the topography and orography of the city, but also with the phenomena of transformation for endogenous and exogenous causes, both natural and artificial, determining, as explained in this study, spatial organizations of preeminent originality and complex conurbations both linguistic and structural, daughters of a society considered itself an expression of strong heterogeneity and adaptability. During the first half of the seventeenth century the city experienced a chaotic demographic explosion: in the 1606 it passed, in only fifty years, from a population of about 270,000 inhabitants to 450,000. The nucleus of the city, consisting of nine urban districts and seven villages, expanded itself volumetrically but, at the same time, it was limited within the same geographical areas, through a dense layering of makeshift homes as lows, warehouses, small supports, houses carved into the tuff, wooden shacks clinging to the tuffaceous spurs that littered the streets and that were mostly popular houses.They were often different evolutions of the same structures of shops and stalls used as beds during the night. The changes brought about by rapid urban growth, detectable in the different historical processes of development and transformation, have strongly characterized the morphological development of the city, which had to relate both with a prominent archaeological heritage and with the particular geo-morphological, hydro-geological and bio-climatic system.The growth of settlements has been placed around the manifold configurations resulting by geophysical activity such as valleys, hills, gullies and their transformation into foothill locations such as stairs and ramps, by the erosion of systems that have transformed progressively in big hollows, ditches, by the transformation of tuff as a result of mining activities in caves, and finally a by an opportunistic and "imaginative" Neapolitan people's ability to produce extremely heterogeneous aggregations, which is outside by any canonical cataloging. The main purpose of this study is, therefore, the reading of a complex and messy process of evolution, mainly declined through the research on the role of evolutionary processes in project design and urban transformation. I will also take into account, trying to value its effective weight, the relationship between complex morpho-urban development, historically decisive, and the evolution of part of the complex social body of the city, historically inclined to modus and customs often connoted by strong individualism.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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